I'm still digesting my recent two-week course in Germany, which mostly covered doing business in the European Union (EU).
The first couple of days focused on the structure and regulatory environment of the EU. The EU started as an international coal and steel agreement in the 1950s and later developed into a trade and tariff zone before becoming the modern EU.
The EU tends to have a heavier regulatory hand that the US, in particular with respect to competition. Their goal is to keep the playing field open; market dominance is permitted, but watched very, very carefully.
Europe tends to finance from banks more than markets. There is also a tendency in governance to focus on the success of the enterprise, as opposed to the primacy of enhancing shareholder value. I found this very interesting, after having the latter repeated in every other class at school. The notion that the employees, bank, and partners have a guiding stake in the enterprise is somewhat refreshing.
We discussed Eastern Europe; I was part of a team that presented a high-level plan for bringing a pet products retailer in through Slovenia (developed economy, on the Euro, burgeoning middle class). Having lived in Europe during the Cold War, I found this portion most interesting: the East is still different from the West, culturally and economically. It's a huge potential market, but it's not "business as usual" in any sense.